Maxell Dwi Indradi (10622217) 3SA07 - WEEK 3 COURSERA

Name: Maxell Dwi Indradi (10622217)
Class: 3SA07
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In the 3rd week, I learn: 

> Identifying Specialized Vocabulary

Each field, profession, speciality, organization, and trait has and uses a vocabulary that release specialized concept by

means of:

- Specialized vocabulary or

- Profesional terms or

- Technical terms or

- Jargons or

EX: in the context of Buddhism, there's a word "Karma"

When we translate writings of special and specific fields such as scientific writings, legal document, academic papers, 

sport reports, we expect to come across specialized vocabulary. But, in some cases it is easy to recognize these vocabularies.

It is not difficult to understand or look up their meaning and it does not take much time/effort to express them in a TL.

> Analyzing Grammar and Logic

When we talked about the process of translation, we mentioned that analysis of grammatical structure of a sentence and logical

relationships between sentences can help us understand word meanings. Using context clues to guess word meaning is a skill that

we often use in reading comprehension. With context clues, including the grammatical relationships and logical relationships,

we can guess the meanings of words while reading instead of looking up the dictionary all the time.

In translation, these clues can help us in 2 ways, as such:

1. Help us quickly select a meaning from a long list of meanings in the dictionary,

2. Help us detect the mistakes we may have made in understanding the meanings of words.

EX: 

" You can grab a coffe in tony West or North Vancouver and in les than 20 mnitues..."

the word "tony" is not a person's name because it is not starter with capitalized word of "T", instead, the actual meaning of

the word "tony" is pointing of the West Vancouver and North Vancouver (a two cities in British Columbia, Kanada). The word 

"tony" is frequently used to draw a prestigious/privileged, luxury, or elite place.

> Conversion as a translation technique

means changing the path of speech of certain words in the process of translation.  All conversions are made for the

purpose of expressing the word meaning correctly and to make the translation clear, fluent, and native to the target.

Ex:

conversion between Part of Speech:

- Noun into verbs

- Verb into nouns

- etc

NOTE! There is no exact rule to use conversion, it is not always P.o.S.

> Adding or Omitting (delete) technique in Words, Phrases, Clauses

Sometimes, we make additions to express the meaning of the source language to the fullest. Sometimes, we make additions to make the translation native to the target language expression or for rhetorical purposes.

Ex:

- Interpreting

NOTE: Omissions and additions are made so that the grammar is correct, the meaning is clear and the expression is native.

> Considering Connotations and Tones

1) Positive vs Negative connotation

Sometimes, certain words or terms used in source language are neutral, but they may have more than one equivalent word or term in a target language. Some have positive and negative connotations.

Ex:

a) Positive meaning:

- Because of Professor's advice, I was able to find the best research resource and research methods.

into:

- Thanks to the professor's advice and guidance, I was able to find the best resources for and approach to my research.

The word "thanks to" represent the positive meaning with an expression of gratitude.

b) Negative meaning:

- Due to her illness, she was unable to receive an education.

into:

- Her effort to complete her education was beset by her illness

The word "beset by" means to be hurt/troubled by something bad.

NOTE: In negative meaning, we cannot use "thanks to" or "because of". we need to choose words with "emotional coloring" type. When to use formal language and when to use informal language depends on the genre and a context. 

> Being Flexible

Many words, for example, both in English and in Chinese has multiple ambivalent vague meanings. They require a lot of thinking, weighing, and deliberation in translation. One word for example is "overwhelm".

Ex:

a) Overwhelmed by the disparate responses, I attend two discussion groups in an effor to achieve clarity.

'overwhelmed' means:

-to cover over completely, 

-to overcome by superior force/numbers, and

-to overpower in thought/feeling.

NOTE:

This examples is for the purpose of retaining the correct meaning of the source language and achieving expressiveness in the target language.