Maxell Dwi Indradi (10622217) 3SA07 - WEEK 2 COURSERA

Name: Maxell Dwi Indradi (10622217)
Class: 3SA07
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Pembalajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbantuan Komputer

I learn some new information in the second week learning at Coursera, as such:

A). The process of translation involves an understanding of the source language and expression in the

target language. There are 4 steps:

1. From a general idea or impression of the diction, style, tone, etc., of the source language

2. Understand the meanings of the words in the source language and analyze the grammar and logic(if necessary)

3. Look for the appropriate expressions in the target language,

4. Make revisions according to the vernacular of the target audience.

A way to rearrange the order of the words and phrases in our translation:

1. What type of writing it is,

2. What is the style of its language,

3. What is the structure.

A way to revise the translation:

1. The meaning must be correct and precise

2. The narration must be clear and logical

3. The language must be fluent and vernacular

> What is background Information?

it includes :

1. Who is the writer of the source language text?

2. What is the attitude of the writer?

3. WHat is the purpose of the writing?

4. What is the style of the writing?

5. What is the historical, geographical, social and cultural setting in and context of the writing?

> Pay attention to the genre of the writing:

- Poetry

- Drama

- Novel

- Narrative

- Expository

- Argumentative

- etc.

1. Poetry is very special literary genre. With refined language, rich feelings, vivid imagery, distinct rhythm,

and rhymes. Classical Chinese poems have the same number of characters in each line and are particular about tone

patterns and rhyming. Also well-know for expressing deep thoughts and rich feelings, in concise language

In Libai's poem, it is translated to English by many translator, one of them are:

On hobbyhorse you came upon the scene,

Around the well we played with plums still green.

We lived, close neighbors on Riverside Lane,

Carefree and innocent, we children twain.

It is indeed impossible to have the same "number of words" in each line of English translation. And the tonal pattern

of a chinese poem cannot be represented in a meter of an English poem. But we can clearly see the translator's

efforts to keep the rhyming, such as:

"...Scene" and "...green"

"...lane" and "...twain"

And his effor to keep the imagery, such as:

"...Hobbyhorse" and "...green plums"

(NOTE: It is why the knowledge of the translator in genre is important in doing translating)

> In doing a practical writing, it also has special characteristics.

The kind of practical writing:

1. Resolutions,

2. Instructions,

3. Reports,

4. Proposals,

5. Announcements,

6. Contracts,

7. minutes,

8. Letters of invitation,

9. Business letters,

10. etc.

There are 2 things about practical writing that translator should remember:

1. Practical writing is based on facts and there is absolutely no room for artistic recreation. 

(must translate everything correctly, paying special attention to Time, Dates, Numbers, Name of People and 

Places, Technical terms, etc.)

2. Practical writings have their formats that cannot be changed.

(The overall layout of the document and the formatting of the content, should both follow the source file

as closely as possible. Such as: tables, charts, graphs, etc., should be exact the same as those in a

source language text)

> What is the style of the source language text?

The style of a text is to a great extent decided by its genre. Practical writings, for example (except personal letters), mostly use formal, precise, and plain language. Instead of humorous,

casual, or flowery language.

B). Deciding on the Word Meaning

- Translator need a dictionaries and a reference materials to help understanding a word meanings, but the translator cannot rely on them too much.

- Translator need its own careful reading, common sense, and logical thinking.

C). Looking for Appropriate Expressions (in target language)

NOTE:

- pay attention to the source language's culture -> target language's culture

- pay attention to the source language's readers -> target language's readers

> Cultural differences

- The English word "uncle" has many translated version in Chinese (5 of them)

> Differences in Collocation

In English, the sentence such:

- Answer the question

- Answer the letter

- Answer the phone

- Answer the door

IS DIFFERENT WHEN WE TRANSLATE TO INDONESIA, AS SUCH:

- Jawab pertanyaannya,

- Balas pesannya,

- Angkat telepon nya

- Buka pintu nya.

> Differences in Word Usage

Aware of the Class Word, as such:

- In Chinese there are 3 pronoun (Personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns), 

but in English There are 8 kind of pronoun (Personal, possesive, self, reciprocal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite)

NOTE:

There are some techniques that can help us with our expressions, such as:

- Affirmation and negation, ex:

(English) Before daybreak, the men were working and they finished at six.

(Indonesia) Orang orang itu sudah bekerja sebelum fajar tiba dan selesai pukul enam.

    

- Addition and omission, ex:

(English) With all his achievemenets, he remains modest and prudent.

(Indonesia) Dia tetap rendah hati dan bijaksana dengan segala pencapaiannya.

- Changing the word order

- Combining and splitting sentences

> Revising and polishing

- Revise the contenct, find the suitable choice of words. Make sure the terms and names are consistent.

- Revise the language, make sure the language flows.

- Revise the mechanics, make sure the spelling and punctuations are accurate.